When carrying out any form of body modification, there are always a number of risks. Tattooing is no exception. The main complications associated with tattooing are as follows:
Infection.
Needles and other tattoo equipment if not sterile can transmit various infectious diseases including hepatitis. The most common causative agents are Staphylococcus aureus, group A Streptococcus and Pseudomonas spp, which can cause severe infectious pictures; there are reported cases of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacterial endocarditic secondary to local infection. Papillomavirus infection and fungal infections have also been described at the site of the tattoo.
Allergic Reactions.
Reactions are pretty rare, but when they appear they are very problematic because the pigments are extremely difficult to remove and so the material causing the reaction is not able to be removed. Occasionally, a person may develop an allergic reaction to a tattoo that has been for years. Allergic reactions pigment embeds in the skin ranging from foreign body granulomatous reactions to lichenin reactions. The red pigment (mercury sulphate and iron oxide) is the most frequently associated with delayed hypersensitivity and lichenin reactions, but these complications is observed with other pigments.
Granulomas.
They are nodules that form in the surrounding area of the tattoo usually because the body assumes it to be a foreign body such as the tattoo pigment or other types of body modification materials including piercing or implantation.
Keloids.
These scars growing beyond the limits of the wound, as produced by the tattoo.
Interaction with magnetic resonance imaging.
It has been reported that some individuals are prone to burning or swelling or in the area with permanent makeup is because of tattoos or when the person undergoes an MRI. It is also reported interference with tattoo pigments and a reduction in the quality of the resonance, possibly due to the metallic content of some components of some pigments.
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